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Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter
Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter〔Real name Truinet, of which Nuitter is an anagram.〕 was a French librettist, translator, writer and librarian born in Paris, France on 24 April 1828. He died there on 23 February 1899 after suffering a stroke a few days before.〔Cooper J: Nuitter, Charles-Louis-Étienne. In ''New Grove Dictionary of Opera''. Macmillan, London and New York, 1997.〕
==Librettist and translator==
Nuitter studied law and practised in Paris from 1849. He was a keen theatre-goer, and in the 1850s he started writing librettos, mainly vaudevilles, later opéras comique, operas bouffes, operettas and ballets. It is estimated that he wrote or co-authored around 500 theatrical pieces, including libretti for several works by Offenbach, the scenario for Léo Delibes's ballet ''Coppélia'' (Nuitter had wanted the piece to be called ''La poupée de Nurnberg'') and pieces by Hervé, Guiraud, Lalo, Lecocq and others, of which 100 or so were staged.〔Gressel V. ''Charles Nuitter : des scènes parisiennes à la bibliothèque de l'Opéra.'' Website of enssibs (Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de l'Information et des Bibliothèques), accessed 28 October 2008.〕
He helped translate Wagner's operas into French (''Tannhäuser'', 1861, ''Rienzi'', 1869, ''Lohengrin'' 1870 and ''The Flying Dutchman'', 1872). Other translations include ''I Capuleti e i Montecchi'', ''Oberon'', ''Abu Hassan'', ''Die Zauberflöte'', and Verdi's ''Macbeth'', ''Aida'', ''La forza del destino'' and ''Simon Boccanegra''. Wagner and Verdi esteemed highly the quality of his translations, and he assisted Verdi over the revision of ''Don Carlos'' in 1882–83.〔Budden J. ''Verdi''. J M Dent & Sons, London, 1985.〕 From a different era, Nuitter's translation of ''La Prière du matin et du soir'' by Emilio de' Cavalieri (1600) was performed regularly at the Concerts du Conservatoire during the 1870s–80s and beyond.〔Kern Holoman D. ''The Société des Concerts du Conservatoire 1828–1967.'' University of California Press, 2004.〕
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